CSE Plants South-western Turkey, 2004.

Images of some plants are available and may be viewed by clicking on the CSE plant number.

CSE Plant No.	Site No.	Species	Description
04158T	04/16T	C. hederifolium	Good flower colour and scent.
04161T	04/18T	C. mirabile	Good leaf pattern.
04162T	04/18T	C. mirabile	Deep flower colour.
04163T	04/18T	C. mirabile	Small compact plant.
04164T	04/18T	C. mirabile	Reddish leaf.
04165T	04/18T	C. mirabile	—
04172T	04/25T	C. mirabile	Almost white flowers with dark blotch.
04173T	04/25T	C. mirabile	Long elegant flowers, small blotch.
04174T	04/25T	C. mirabile	Large broad petals, very fimbriate.
04175T	04/25T	C. mirabile	Collected with 04174T.
04177T	04/27T	C. mirabile	Narrow ovate leaf.
04178T	04/27T	C. mirabile	Leaf with pink suffusion and good pink flower.
04179T	04/27T	C. mirabile	Pink flushed leaf.
04180T	04/27T	C. mirabile	Nicely marked leaf.
04182T	04/28T	C. mirabile	Near white flower, colour only within mouth.
04188T	04/33T	C. mirabile	No blotch at nose of flower.
04189T	04/33T	C. mirabile	Flowers small, but good pink.
04190T	04/33T	C. mirabile	Broad petals.
04193T	04/35T	C. mirabile	Red-tinted leaf.
04194T	04/35T	C. mirabile	Leaf with large silver zone and pink tint.
04195T	04/35T	C. mirabile	Long elegant flower.
04196T	04/35T	C. mirabile	Broad petals.
04197T	04/35T	C. mirabile	Near white flowers.
04199T	04/36T	C. mirabile	Pleasant shaped flower.
04200T	04/36T	C. mirabile	Long elegant flower.
04201T	04/36T	C. mirabile	Attractive leaf.
04202T	04/36T	C. mirabile	Shuttlecock shaped flowers.
04205T	04/38T	C. mirabile	Deep pink flowers.
04207T	04/39T	C. mirabile	Deep pink flowers.
04208T	04/39T	C. mirabile	Almost plain white flowers (no blotch on nose).
04209T	04/39T	C. mirabile	Very good leaf, silver except for a narrow green margin and tiny green centre.
04210T	04/39T	C. mirabile	Long elegant flowers with double twist to petals (ie. 360°).
04211T	04/39T	C. mirabile	No blotch at nose, pink striations on petals.
04213T	04/40T	C. mirabile	Altitude 790m, on limestone.
04216T	04/42T	C. mirabile	Altitude 1145m, on limestone.
04219T	04/45T	C. mirabile	Attractive leaf.
04222T	04/46T	C. mirabile	Deep pink flowers.
04224T	04/47T	C. mirabile	Attractive leaf.

CSE Sites South-western Turkey, 2004.

Images of some sites are available and may be viewed by clicking on the site number.

04/15T
29/10/04. Izmir province. Between Göliçuk and Ödemiş, near Birgi.
Altitude: 350m., Shade: 50%, Aspect: Southeast & southwest, Slope: 30°- 45°, Soil: Very fine loam, pH: 6.3-6.4.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: In base of evergreen oaks. Growing Conditions: Very dry (no rain since summer), mica/schist rock.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Nerium oleander, Vitex vinifera, Verbascum sp.

04/16T
29/10/04. Izmir province. East of Tire, between Ovacik and Bademli.
Altitude: 235m., Shade: 50%, Aspect: North, Slope: 10°-30°, Soil: Deep loam on mica-schist rock.
Species: Cyclamen hederifolium.
Habitat: Quercus coccifera dominant but taken over by ploughing for olive grove. Growing conditions: Very dry, in boles of evergreen oaks.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Pyrus sp., Pistachia lentiscus.

04/17T
29/10/04. Izmir province. Between Bademli and Biçaku.
Altitude: 535m., Shade: 70-80%, Aspect: West, Slope 0-80°, Soil: Good loam with leafmould.
Species: Cyclamen hederifolium.
Habitat: Under large Plantanus orientalis, small stream in bottom of valley. Growing Conditions: Cool but very dry, no rain since summer.
Associated Plants: Walnut, Platanus orientalis, Castanea sp., Salix sp., Hedera helix.

04/18T
29/10/04. Izmir rovince. Between Biçaku and Karakli.
Altitude: 904m., Shade: 0-30%. Aspect: Southwest, Slope: 30°, pH: 6.8.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Growing conditions: Sun-baked hillside, extremely dry. Most land cultivated for figs.
Associated plants: Quercus sp., fig.

04/19T
29/10/04. Aydin province. Between Klavuzlar & Yağdere, north of Atça.
Altitude: 270m., Shade: 30%, Aspect: Open to east facing, Slope: 0-90°, Soil: loam.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Open olive grove, only grasses and annuals allowed to survive. Cyclamen growing under rocks and in walls; a few in the open.
Associated Plants: Olives, Sternbergia lutea, grasses, Asphodelus sp.

04/20T
30/10/04. Aydin province. Between Incirlova and Tire.
Shade: 50%, Aspect: Southeast, Slope: 45°, Soil: Very fine silty soil over mica-schist.
Species: Cyclamen hederifolium.
Habitat: Dry dusty, rocky hillside in evergreen oak/cistus scrub. Growing conditions: Parched.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Cistus sp.

04/21T
30/10/04. Aydin province. Between Inarlova and Tire, near Incirlova.
Altitude: 135m., Shade: 70-90%, Aspect: Northwest, Slope: 15-30°, Soil: Derived from mica schist, but with tufa outcrop.
Species: Cyclamen hederifolium.
Habitat: Small valley with trickle of water from tufa cliff with Platanus orientalis. Growing Conditions: Small v-shaped valley at the foot of tufa cliff providing microclimate, surrounding country is dry hillsides.
Associated Plants: Rubus (on valley sides), Platanus orientalis, Nerium oleander, Adiantum sp. (on tufa cliff).

04/22T
30/10/04. Aydin province. Between Incirlova and Tire.
Altitude: 795m., Shade: 30-40%, Aspect: South, Slope: 20-40°, Soil: Sandy loam over mica-schist.
Species: Cyclamen hederifolium.
Habitat: Small pockets of natural vegetation amid cultivated hillsides (mainly figs). Growing Conditions: Very dry scrub. No rain for months.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Q. cerris, thistles, Verbascum sp., Linoseris sp.

04/23T
30/10/04. Izmir province. Near Güme, south of Tire.
Altitude: 650m., Shade: 40-60%, Aspect: South & west, Slope: 15-45°, Soil: Sandy/ silty over mica schist.
Species: Cyclamen hederifolium.
Habitat: Roadside scrub, Cyclamen at edges of dense bushes. Growing conditions: Dry scrubland, dusty soil, no rain since summer.
Associated plants: Quercus coccifera, Q. cerris, Pistacea sp., Pteridium aquilinum, Spartium junceum.

04/24T
30/10/04. Izmir province. Between Tire and Gökçen, near Osmancik.
Altitude: 325m., Aspect: Southwest, Slope: 20°, Soil: fine silty soil over schist.
Species: Cyclamen hederifolium.
Habitat: Roadside scrub. Growing conditions: Very dry scrubland, a lot of competition from bushes.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Cistus sp.

04/25T
31/10/04. Aydin province. Southwest of Aydin, between Koçarli and Toamyzon.
Altitude: 502m., Shade: 10-50%, Aspect: East, Slope: 30- 40°, Soil: Very fine silt-like soil over mica-schist, pH: 7.2/7.5.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Open hillside terraced for olives, figs, and al- monds, with some remaining scrub. Growing Conitions: Very dry.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Q. cerris, grasses, cultivated Olea, Ficus.

04/26T
31.10.04. Aydin province. Between Koçarli and Karpuzlu, near Ceşme.
Altitude: 638m., Shade: 0-25%, Aspect: South, Slope: 5°, Soil: Sandy over mica-schist, pH: 6.7.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Open, very degraded Quercus coccifera. Growing conditions: Extremely arid condition.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Satureja sp.

04/27T
31/10/04. Aydin province. Between Ceşme and Sapalan.
Altitude: 665m., Shade: 0-50%, Aspect: West, Slope: 30°, Soil: Sand/quartz over mica-schist, pH: 6.7.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Thick Quercus coccifera scrub with goat tracks and large round outcrops of rock.
Associated plants: Quercus coccifera, Lavandula sp., Satureja sp.

04/28T
31/10/04. Aydin province. Between Karpuzlu and Tekeler, near Alinda.
Altitude: 454m., Shade: 0-50%, Aspect: East, Slope: 15-35°, Soil: Sand/silt from weathered mica schist, pH: 5.9.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Hillside of huge rounded outcrops with Quercus coccifera thickets. Growing Conditions: Cyclamen in rock crevices, edge of Quercus and in the open path sides. Very dry conditions.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Lavandula sp., Cistus sp.

04/29T
31/10/04. Aydin province. West northwest of Karpuzlu, near Umcular.
Altitude: 534m., Shade: 10-30%, Aspect: Southwest, Slope: 15-30°. Soil: Loose sand/grit derived from mica schist.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Under edges of Quercus coccifera scrub (heavily grazed and coppiced). Growing Conditions: Very dry, loose soil between evergreen oak scrub.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Lavendula sp.

04/30T
31/10/04. Aydin province. West of Meriçler.
Altitude: 517m., Shade: 0- 50%, Aspect: Southeast, Slope: 30°, Soil: Dusty soil derived from mica-schist, pH: 6.4.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Rocky outcrops and scattered scrub of evergreen oak, heavily overgrazed, soil between loose and dusty. Growing Conditions: Very dry (no rain all summer). Growing under Quercus coccifera away from grazing animals; a little humus from Quercus.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Pinus brutia, P. pinea, Lavendula sp.

04/31T
01/11/04. Aydin province. Southeast of Aydin, near Şahnali.
Altitude: 200m., Shade: 50-90%, Aspect: North, Slope: 15-30°, Soil: Dust- like, derived from mica-schist rocks, pH: 6.7.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Growing at base of small v-shaped valley with a shadier, cooler microclimate than surrounding scrub. A few olive trees dotted about. Growing Conditions: Small gully with a little humus from bushes and small trees of evergreen oaks.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Olea europea.

04/32T
01/11/04. Aydin province. Southeast of Aydin, near Şahnali.
Altitude: 490m., Shade: 50-60%, Aspect: North, Slope: 15°, Soil: Dusty/sandy soil from mica-schist, pH: 6.6.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Dense oak woodland (evergreen & deciduous), probably coppiced in the past. Dappled shade. Soil thin and sandy but with surface layer of humus. Very dry. Growing conditions: Everything parched at this time (no autumn rains) so cyclamen without any leaves visible.
Associated Plants: Cistus sp., Quercus coccifera, Quercus sp.

04/33T
01/11/04. Aydin province. Southwest of Nazilli, between Kulogullar and Karacaőren.
Altitude: 450m., Shade: 20-50%, Aspect: West, Slope: 15-20°, Soil: Gritty, derived from crumbling mica-schist, pH:6.6.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Open rocky hillside of rounded outcrops with scattered evergreen oak scrub. A few olive trees. Terraced in places. Growing Conditions: Very dry. Cyclamen mostly under edge of oak bushes, some humus in top layer. Also at base of large rocks & terraces.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Asphodelus microcarpus, olives, grasses.

04/34T
01/11/04. Aydin province. Southwest of Nazilli, between Karacaőren and Yenipazar.
Altitude: 630m., Shade: 30-60%, Aspect: North and East, Slope: 0-15°, Soil: Gritty, weathered mica schist, pH: 6.5.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: In heavily grazed Quercus coccifera scrub. Growing Conditions: Only in boles of the evergreen oaks, protected from grazing & in shade.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera.

04/35T
02/11/04. Aydin province. North of Nazilli on road to Ödemiş, near Bayindir.
Altitude: 165m., Shade: 0-30%, Aspect: Flat to East facing, Slope: 0-10°, Soil: Sandy loam with good humus content over mica schist, pH: 6.7.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Old olive grove with rich ground cover, dead grasses & herbaceous plants, all dried off and brown.
Growing Conditions: Cyclamen mostly in the boles of Olives and in the open but shaded by good ground cover of ‘weed’ vegetation, rich mix of annuals/herbaceous, dry at time of visit (hot with 29°c forecast).
Associated Plants: Grasses, Umbelliferas, Oleaeuropea, Asparagus acutifolius, Osyris sp., Asphodelus microcarpus, Myrtis communis, Quercus coccifera, Cistus sp.

04/36T
02/11/04. Aydin province. Between Kutlubey and Uçkonak.
Altitude: 375m., Shade: 0-30%, Apect: West and Southeast, Slope: 25-35°, Soil: Sandy loam over mica-schist., pH: 7.5.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Old terraces with olives, not cultivated & somewhat overgrown with herbs, annuals, a few oaks, Pistacea. Growing Conditions: Small valley. Dry banks with little shade except for other herbs. At time of visit just dried remains. Also in dry stone wall with mosses (north side of wall).
Associated Plants: Olea europea, Quercus coccifera, Quercus sp., Pistacea lentiscus, grasses, annuals.

04/37T
03/11/04. Aydin province. Between Nazilli and Denizli, near Çoban.
Altitude: 310m., Shade: 0-50%, Aspect: East, Slope: 5-25°, Soil: Gritty, sandy, derived from mica schist, pH: 7.2.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Natural hillside of mature trees. Large Quercus coccifera, Platanus orientalis, Pinus brutia. Cyclamen at edges of understorey scrub. Growing Conditions: Very dry gritty, stoney soil, dappled shade.
Most herbaceous vegetation dry & crisp. Sparse population with only a few plants in a small area.
Associated Plants: Platanus orientalis, Quercus coccifera, Pinus brutia, Verbascum sp., Cistus sp., Asphodelus sp., grasses, Umbelliferae.

04/38T
03/11/04. Ayden province. Northeast of Nazilli, between Gelenbe and Gündoğan, near Fersek.
Altitude: 45m., Shade: 30-70%, Aspect: North and East, Slope: 5-10°, Soil: Gritty, stoney over mica-schist, pH: 6.8/7.7.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Mostly under dense Styrax bushes with leaf litter. Essentially a terraced hillside for olives; natural vegetation on banks. Growing Conditions: Dry, dappled shade; also in a damper, small gully where leaves were more fully developed.
Associated Plants: Styrax officinale, Cistus sp., Euphorbia rigida, Eryngium sp., Quercus cerris, Pinus brutia, Pistacia lentiscus, Zelkova, Olea europea, Figs.

04/39T
03/11/04. Manisa province. Northeast of Nazilli, between Karacali and Vluderbent.
Altitude: 485m., Shade: 10-30%, Aspect: Northwest, Slope: 30°, Soil: Fine sandy loam, pH: 6.9.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Banks with coppiced oak and hawthorn. Growing Conditions: Very dry, plants in dappled shade.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Quercus sp., Crataegus sp., Pyrus sp.

04/40T
05/11/04. Denizli province. Between Çivril and Dinar, near Beydilli.
Altitude: 790m., Shade: 50%, Aspect: West, Slope: 30°, Soil: Dusty loam with various grades of grit & gravel from limestone outcrops, pH: 7.7.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Very rocky, stoney hillside with scattered evergreen oak & Paliurus bushes, sloping towards lake. Growing Conditions: Very dry but Cyclamen in full flower in dappled shade under bushes.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Paliurus spinachtisti, Euphorbia rigida, Thistles, grasses, annuals.

04/41T
05/11/04. Denizli province. Between Çivril and Dinar, near Gűműşsu.
Altitude: 810m., Shade: 30-40%, Aspect: Flat to southwest, Slope: 0-5°, Soil: Dustlike loam with high percentage of broken rock (limestone), pH: 7.8.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Open scrubland of evergreen oak and Paliurus. Growing Conditions: Very dry, growing in dappled shade.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Paliurus spinachristi, Euphorbia rigida, Peganum harmala.

04/42T
05/11/04. Afyon province. Between Dinar and Afyon, near Keklicek.
Altitude: 1145m., Shade: 70-90%, Aspect: West, Slope: 45°, Soil: Brown-red loam with limestone chips, pH: 7.6.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Open rocky hillside with larger outcrops. Cyclamen all in crevices and at base of larger rocks (not in Quercus coccifera boles). Growing Conditions: Cool conditions against rocks, deep rich earth.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Rosa sp., Berberis sp., Acantholinum sp., Astragalus sp., Phlomis sp., grasses, Eryngium sp., Crataegus sp., Euphorbia rigida, mosses.

04/43T
05/11/04. Aydin province. Between Bozdoğan and Yatagan, near Bozdoğan.
Altitude: 540m., Shade: 0-30%, Aspect: South, Slope: 25- 90°, Soil: Fine sandy soil over mica-schist, pH: 7.0.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Stone terraced hillside with olives and almonds. Some scattered scrub/trees. Cyclamen growing under rocks and evergreen oak. Growing Conditions: Dry, fine soil but run-off will be rapid & rocks shelter plants from weather.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Pyrus sp., Pistacea lentiscus, Quercus sp., Cistus sp., grasses.

04/44T
06/11/04. Aydin or Mugla province. Between Bozdoğan and Yatagan, near Örentaht.
Altitude: 810m., Shade: 0-40%, Aspect: Flat to south- west, Slope: 0-5°, Soil: White/grey sandy/silty soil over mica-schist, pH: 7.7.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: In open grassy places between evergreen oak scrub and under edges of scrub. Growing Conditions: Plants unusually often in the open.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera.

04/45T
07/11/04. Aydin province. East off Mugla to Çine road at Eskiçine, near Ovacik.
Altitude: 265m., Shade: 80-90%, Aspect: Northwest, Slope: 30°, Soil: Sandy soil over mica schist, pH: 7.1.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Quercus coccifera hillside with rock outcrops. Growing Conditions: In shade of evergreen oaks in leaf litter and mosses.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Cistus sp., Lavandula stoechas, Fritillaria sp., Muscari sp., annuals, grasses.

04/46T
07/11/04. Aydin province. East off Mugla to Çine road at Eskiçine, near Gerga ancient site.
Altitude: 620m., Shade: 0-90%, Aspect: North, south, east and west at base of rocks, Slope: 30-40°, Soil: Gritty gravelly soil over mica schist, pH: 6.2.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: South facing hillside with scattered Pinus pinea & P. brutia or nigra; small cultivated areas for cereals, heavily grazed. Growing Conditions: In Quercus bushes and base of rocks. Probably cool even in summer as lots of lichen & mosses on rocks.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Pinus pinea, P. brutia (or nigra), Lavandula stoechas, Cistus sp., Calycotone sp.

04/47T
07/11/04. Aydin province. East off Mugla to Çine road at Eskiçine, near Tapçam.
Altitude: 790m., Shade: 0-40%, Aspect: Northwest, Slope: 0-45°, Soil: Gritty sand over mica schist, pH: 4.8.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile.
Habitat: Rocky hillside with huge rounded boulder outcrops & scattered evergreen oaks. Growing Conditions: Cool & moist (recent rain) under edges of Quercus and in open under Pinus.

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Acknowledgements. The UK members of the team express their thanks for the assistance generously provided by their Turkish colleagues Neriman Ozhatay and Serna Atay without whose support the whole project would have been less efficient and certainly much less enjoyable.