CSE Plants Western Turkey, 2004.

Plant images may be viewed by clicking on the purple CSE plant number.

CSE Plant No.	Site No.	Species	Description
04001T	04/02T	C. intaminatum	Good pink flower with fimbriated petals.
04002T	04/02T	C. intaminatum	Good robust white flower.
04051T	04/03T	C. intaminatum	Good plain green leaf.
04052T	04/03T	C. intaminatum	Collected with 04051T. Almost plain green leaf.
04053T	04/03T	C. intaminatum	Plant with good pink flowers.
04054T	04/05T	C. intaminatum	Most western site.
04055T	04/06T	C. intaminatum	Elegant flower.
04056T	04/06T	C. intaminatum	Robust pink flower.
04057T	04/06T	C. intaminatum	Robust nearly-white flower.
04058T	04/06T	C. intaminatum	Robust pink flower with fimbriated petals.
04059T	04/06T	C. intaminatum	Bi-colour flower.
04060T	04/06T	C. intaminatum	Bi-colour flower.
04061T	04/06T	C. intaminatum	Deep pink flower.
04062T	04/06T	C. intaminatum	Good robust white flower.
04081T	04/07T	C. intaminatum	Good leaf pattern.
04082T	04/07T	C. intaminatum	Good leaf pattern.
04083T	04/07T	C. intaminatum	Good leaf pattern.
04084T	04/07T	C. intaminatum	Good deep pink flower.
04085T	04/07T	C. intaminatum	Good leaf pattern.
04086T	04/07T	C. intaminatum	Good leaf pattern.
04087T	04/07T	C. intaminatum	Good leaf pattern.
04088T	04/08T	C. intaminatum	White flower.
04089T	04/08T	C. intaminatum	Very floriferous plant with pale pink flowers.
04090T	04/08T	C. intaminatum	Good size flowers, vigorous plant.
04091T	04/08T	C. intaminatum	Good leaf patter with good contrast.
04092T	04/08T	C. intaminatum	Collected with 04091T, very floriferous plant.
04093T	04/08T	C. intaminatum	Good deep pink flower.
04119T	04/10T	C. intaminatum	Extreme north-east site.
04120T	04/11T	C. intaminatum	Attractive leaf pattern.
04121T	04/11T	C. intaminatum	Attractive leaf pattern.
04122T	04/11T	C. intaminatum	Attractive leaf pattern.
04123T	04/12T	C. intaminatum	Pink tinged marbling on leaves.
04124T	04/12T	C. intaminatum	Attractive leaf pattern.
04125T	04/12T	C. intaminatum	Good deep pink large flower.
04151T	04/13T	C. intaminatum	White flower. Lowest altitude and southernmost point south of Ulu Dag.
04152T	04/13T	C. intaminatum	Collected with 04151T. Lowest altitude and southernmost point south of Ulu Dag.
04153T	04/13T	C. intaminatum	Almost white flower. Lowest altitude and southernmost point south of Ulu Dag.
04154T	04/13T	C. intaminatum	Collected with 04153T. Lowest altitude and southernmost point south of Ulu Dag.
04155T	04/14T	C. intaminatum	Elegant, though not large, white flowers.

CSE Sites in Western Turkey, 2004.

Site images may be viewed by clicking on the purple site number.

04/01T
17/10/04. Eskişehir province. Between Inonu and Kütahya, north of junction with road 200.
Altitude: 1020m., Shade: 50-100%, Aspect: East-southeast, Slope: 30°, Soil: Humic loam. pH: 6.5.
Species: Cyclamen intaminatum.
Habitat: Quercus cerris scrub with narrow open glades, outcrops of igneous rock-basalt & lava. Lichen flora indicating acid rock. Growing Conditions: Dry stoney soil with extensive leaf litter below trees. Maximum soil depth 4-6´.
Associated Plants: Below trees, only seedling Quercus, grasses and Clematis vitalba. In open patches: Eryngium sp., Festuca sp., Verbascum sp., Viola sp., Achillea millefolium. Occasional Crataegus sp., and Prunus spinosa.

04/02T
17/10/04. Bilecik province. South of Bozüyük on road 11-28.
Altitude: 930m., Shade: 0-100%, Aspect: Northwest, Slope: 30°, Soil: Calcareous loam, pH: 7.2 in woodland, 7.7 around outcrops.
Species: Cyclamen intaminatum.
Habitat: Quercus scrub with open spaces. Outcrops and loose blocks of carboniferous limestone in open spaces. Growing Conditions: Cyclamen found sparsely in woodland/scrub, also around base of limestone blocks especially where shrubs or aspect provide shaded, and more rarely in shaded rubble.
Associated Plants: Around outcrops – mostly grasses with Sedum sp., Allium sp., Eryngium sp., Cladonia foliacea, Clinopodium vulgare. In scrub – Quercus seedlings, Carex sp., grasses, Eryngium sp., Taraxacum officinale agg., Astragalus sp. Shrubs – Cornus sp., Ligustrum vulgare, Prunus spinosa.

04/03T
18/10/04. Kütahya province. In mountains east of Domanç; near forestry watchtower.
Altitude: 1796m., Shade: overall 50% but varying from 0-100%, Aspect: North, Slope: overall 40° but varying from flat to 50°, Soil: Humus-rich clay, pH: open areas – 7.3, woodland – 7.0.
Species: Cyclamen intaminatum.
Habitat: Open coniferous woodland (Pinus & Abies). Slope strewn with limestone (pebbles to small boulders). Basically grass (largely Festuca) covered. Little bare soil in open areas, extensive earth movements – probably by pigs – under some trees especially where plant cover.
Associated Plants: Crocus speciosus, Daphne cf. laureola, Verbascum cf. thapsus, Sedum sp., Aubretia cf. deltoides, Galium vernum, Artemisia sp., grasses.

04/04T
19/10/04. Bursa province. Ulu Dag near Alaçam.
Altitude: 1104m., Shade: 0%, Aspect: North, Slope: Flat, Soil: Clay, pH: 8.0.
Species: Cyclamen intaminatum.
Habitat: Top of mound amongst limestone rubble, surrounded by Pinus scrub/woodland. Growing Conditions: Dense sward of grasses and Sedum with loose limestone rocks.
Associated plants: Crocus pulchellus, Poterium sanguisorba, Clematis vitalba, Juniperus communis, Alyssum sp., Teucrium sp., Rubus fruticossus aff., Clinopodium vulgare.

04/05T
19/10/04. Bursa province. Ulu Dag near Alaçam.
Altitude: 1089. Shade: 50%, Aspect: West, Slope: 30°, Soil: Sandy clay, pH: 6.7.
Species: Cyclamen intaminatum, C. coum.
Habitat: On reasonably bare ground (with needle and leaf litter) below Abies. C. intaminatum only on bare ground, C. coum extended into scrub of Fagus seedlings and gaps between Pteridium aquilinum which was spreading. Growing conditions: Well drained soil with occasional limestone boulders and outcrops.
Associated plants: No associated plants with C. intaminatum, but with C.coum – grasses, Rubus sp., Pteridium aquilinum, Euphorbia sp., Daphne sp., Crocus pulchellus, Potererium sanguisorba, Potentilla sp.

04/06T
20/10/04. Bursa province. Above and south of Inayet, near Kizilopak.
Altitude: 1133m., Shade: 60-100%, Aspect: Southeast, Slope: 70°, Soil: Pure humus over clay, pH: 7.6.
Species: Cyclamen intaminatum, C. coum.
Habitat: Fagus woodland, young trees up to 12m with a few older specimens. Occasional Carpinus, Abies, and large specimens of Corylus maxima & Sambucus nigra. Thick leaf litter with both Cyclamen species growing through. Growing Conditions: Steep, well drained slope. Many plants on or beside outcropping boulders, or in soil/rock accumulation at roadside.
Associated Plants: Euphorbia amydeloides, Rubus cf. sanctus, Geranium robertianum, Dryopteris cf. felixmas.

04/07T
21/10/04. Bursa province. Oylat, south side of gorge.
Altitude: 704m., Shade: 10%, Aspect: Northeast, Slope: 80°, Soil: Clay, pH: 7.8.
Species: Cyclamen intaminatum, C. coum.
Habitat: Low scrub over limestone outcrops. Plants extended very slightly into dense shade under mixed deciduous cover. Cyclamen intaminatum ceased at the change from limestone to siliceous rocks. C. coum scattered over both bedrocks. Growing Conditions: Well drained humic clay amongst mixed scrub and herbs.
Associated Plants: Crocus pulchellus, Potentilla sterilis, Hedera helix, Rosa sp., Ruscus aculeatus, Trifolium sp., Ligustrum vulgare, Clematis vitalba, Crataegus sp., Thelycrania sanguinea, Hypericum cf. perfoliatum, Asplenium trichomanes, A. polypodium, Allium sp., Muscari sp., Sedum sp., Trifolium dubium, Geranium sp., G. robertianum, Osyris alba, Galium sp., Pistacea lentiscus.

04/08T
21/10/04. Bursa province. Above and south of Çayyaka at the top of Uludağ.
Altitude: 1270m., Shade: 40%, Aspect: Northeast, Slope: 20°, Soil: Sand and humus, pH: 5.3.
Species: Cyclamen intaminatum, C. coum.
Habitat: Bracken covered slopes below Pinus. Outcrops of granite covered with lichens. Growing Conditions: Open woodland, dappled shade, thick needle/bracken leaf layer. Thin moist humus over sand/ humus layer above sand at 10+mm. Cyclamen coum very scarce indeed. C. intaminatum widespread and abundant except where bracken and grasses were dense.
Associated Plants: Clinopodium vulgare, Verbascum sp., grasses, Pteridium aquilinum, Geranium robertianum, Crocus pulchellus, Rumex sp., Fagus orientalis (saplings to 8m), Potentilla sp., Viola sp., Euphorbia amydaloides, Rubus sanctus.

04/09T
21/10/04. Bursa province. Above and south of Çayyaka at the top of Uludağ.
Altitude: 1270m., Shade: 50%, Aspect: North-northeast, Slope: None, Soil: Humic over sand, pH: 6.3.
Species: Cyclamen intaminatum.
Habitat: Bracken and Pinus seedlings below Pinus. Growing conditions: Well drained humic soil over sand, with granite boulders. C. intaminatum very sparse with virtually no seedlings. Habitat & growing conditions essentially as site 04/08T.
Associated Plants: As site 04/08T, (especially Crocus pulchellus) plus Salvia forskahlei

04/10T
22/10/04. Bilecik province. Near Söğüt.
Altitude: 738m., Shade: 10%, Aspect: North-northwest, Slope: 70°, Soil: Grittyy humic clay, pH: roadside – 7.8, Cliff – 8.3.
Species: Cyclamen intaminatum.
Habitat: Steep limestone escarpment with soil between blocks. Growing Conditions: Shallow soil, well drained, sparsely vegetated. Small number of plants within 2m of road metal, 28m below this site, under Cornus mas and Rubus.
Associated Plants: Osyris alba, Teucrium sp., Clinopodium vulgare, Sideritis sp., Aubretia deltoides, Allium sp., Muscari sp., Ephedra sp., Asplenium ceterach, grasses, Juniperus communis, Galium sp., Cornus mas, Pinus sp., Sedum album, Cistus sp., Phillarea sp., Helianthemum sp., Silene sp., Poterium sanguisorbia.

04/11T
22/10/04. Bilecik province. Between Söğüt and Bozüyük.
Altitude: 971m., Shade: 70%, Aspect: North-northeast, Slope: 40°, Soil: Clay, pH: 7.8.
Species: Cyclamen intaminatum.
Habitat: Mid to dense scrub, Quercus sp., ?cerris. Leaf litter light. Growing Conditions: Well drained light clay over limestone.
Associated Plants: Dense sward of grass, Eryngium sp., Juniperus communis, Prunus spinosa, Crataegus sp.

04/12T
23/10/04. Bursa province. On road between Inegol and Pazargeri, between Kurşunlu & Nafizpaşa.
Altitude: 940m., Shade: 50%, Aspect: Northeast, Slope: 10° at top of 45° slope, pH: 6.9.
Species: Cyclamen intaminatum.
Habitat: Edge of coppiced Quercus cerris scrub. Most cyclamen at 10° slope top, a few plants extending down to steeper slopes in gaps between coppice. Growing Conditions: Well drained slope over acid rocks (very occasional outcrops). Reasonably well grazed.
Associated Plants: Quercus cerris, Cornus mas, Thelycrania sanguisorba, Helleborus orientalis, Eryngium sp., Daphne sp. Rubus sp., R. sanctus, Hederahelix, Fagus orientalis, Sorbus sp., Carpinus betulus, Rosa cf. canina, Smilex sp., Galium sp.

04/13T
24/10/04. Bursa province. South of Inegol. On road from Bogazova to Sorgum.
Altitude: 1175m., Shade: 60%, Aspect: South-southeast, Slope: 10°, Soil: Fine Sand, pH: 5.7.
Species: Cyclamen intaminatum.
Habitat: Woodland of Pinus with an open canopy. Alnus along the stream which bordered the site on the east (the road was to the west). Growing Conditions: Moist soil (probably so even in summer) with abundant herb layer. Boulders of siliceous rocks.
Associated Plants: Pteridium aquilinum, Clinopodium vulgare, Digitalis ferruginea, grasses, Crocus pulchellus, Verbascum sp., Hypericum sp., Euphorbia amygdeloides, Galium sp.

04/14T
24/10/04. Bursa province. South of Inegol. North of Bogazova on road to Çayyaka.
Altitude: 1125m., Shade: 60%, Aspect: Southeast, Slope: 30°, Soil: Sand, pH: 5.1.
Species: Cyclamen intaminatum.
Habitat: Bracken covered slopes below Pinus. Outcrops of granite covered with lichens. Growing conditions: Well drained humic soil over sand, with granite boulders.
Associated Plants: Clinopodium vulgare, Verbascum sp., grasses, Pteridium aquilinum, Geranium robertianum, Crocus pulchellus, Rumex sp., Fagus orientalis (saplings to 8m), Potentilla sp., Viola sp., Euphorbia amydaloides, Rubus sanctus.

---

Acknowledgements. The Society would like to thank the Turkish authorities in the four vilayets visited for their permission to work in the field and also our Turkish colleagues Prof Dr Neriman Ozhatay and Serna Atay for their help in so many ways.