Cyclamen mirabile is one of the more restricted of the Turkish species and, as such was felt to
be a prime candidate for detailed field studies. Little was required in the way of taxonomic study
as it is morphologically distinct from all others, even if the flowers are superficially
somewhat similar to those of C. cilicium.
Nevertheless there was plenty of scope for mapping its distribution, filling in
the finer details of its habitat and associated plants and recording the natural
variation within populations. Also an assessment of its current rarity status
was deemed desirable, as were observations concerning threats to its
continued existence.
A report of the 2003 field study was published in the
Cyclamen Society Journal Vol. 28 No. 2, December 2004.
Abridged field notes referenced by site number follow this table.
Giving brief locational information and habitat data which may aid cultivation.
CSE Plants South-western Turkey, 2003.
If plant images are available they may be viewed by clicking on the purple CSE plant number.
| CSE Plant No. | Site No. | Species | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 03001T | 03/01T | C. hederifolium | — |
| 03002T | 03/04T | C. hederifolium | — |
| 03003T | 03/04T | C. hederifolium | — |
| 03004T | 03/05T | C. hederifolium | — |
| 03005T | 03/05T | C. hederifolium | — |
| 03006T | 03/05T | C. hederifolium | — |
| 03007T | 03/06T | C. hederifolium | — |
| 03008T | 03/06T | C. hederifolium | — |
| 03009T | 03/06T | C. hederifolium | — |
| 03010T | 03/06T | C. hederifolium | — |
| 03011T | 03/08T | C. mirabile | — |
| 03012T | 03/08T | C. mirabile | — |
| 03013T | 03/08T | C. mirabile | — |
| 03014T | 03/10T | C. hederifolium | — |
| 03015T | 03/10T | C. hederifolium | — |
| 03016T | 03/12T | C. mirabile | Striking leaf pattern. |
| 03017T | 03/12T | C. mirabile | Pink tinged leaf. |
| 03018T | 03/12T | C. mirabile | — |
| 03019T | 03/14T | C. mirabile | Rich deep colour. |
| 03020T | 03/14T | C. mirabile | Very tiny flowers. |
| 03021T | 03/15T | C. mirabile | — |
| 03022T | 03/17T | C. mirabile | Pink suffused leaf. |
| 03023T | 03/17T | C. mirabile | Whirligig flower. |
| 03024T | 03/17T | C. mirabile | Very pale flower. |
| 03025T | 03/17T | C. mirabile | Very broad petals, pink-zoned leaf. |
| 03026T | 03/18T | C. mirabile | Good leaf pattern. |
| 03027T | 03/18T | C. mirabile | Good deep flower colour. |
| 03028T | 03/18T | C. mirabile | Curious leaf margin, crinkly and without teeth – more like notches. Leaf wider than long. |
| 03029T | 03/19T | C. mirabile | Good leaf pattern. |
| 03030T | 03/19T | C. mirabile | Good leaf pattern. |
| 03031T | 03/19T | C. mirabile | Good leaf pattern. |
| 03032T | 03/19T | C. mirabile | Good leaf pattern. |
| 03033T | 03/19T | C. mirabile | Good elongated leaf. |
| 03034T | 03/20T | C. mirabile | Pink overlay to leaf. |
| 03035T | 03/20T | C. mirabile | Silver pattern reaches margin. |
| 03036T | 03/20T | C. mirabile | Pink tinged leaf. |
| 03037T | 03/22T | C. alpinum | — |
| 03038T | 03/23T | C. mirabile | Pale flower. |
| 03039T | 03/23T | C. mirabile | Silver patterned leaf. |
| 03040T | 03/23T | C. mirabile | Very small flowers. |
| 03041T | 03/23T | C. mirabile | Very broad petals. |
| 03042T | 03/24T | C. mirabile | Long petals. |
| 03043T | 03/24T | C. mirabile | Red suffused leaf. |
| 03044T | 03/25T | C. mirabile | Good leaf. |
| 03045T | 03/29T | C. mirabile | Elegant flower. |
| 03046T | 03/30T | C. mirabile | Altitude 1146m. |
| 03047T | 03/30T | C. mirabile | Altitude 1146m. |
| 03048T | 03/31T | C. mirabile | — |
| 03049T | 03/32T | C. mirabile | Altitude 1125m. |
| 03050T | 03/32T | C. mirabile | Altitude 1125m. |
| 03051T | 03/33T | C. mirabile | Pure white flower, no markings. |
| 03052T | 03/33T | C. mirabile | Good leaf. |
| 03053T | 03/33T | C. mirabile | Adjacent to 03051T. |
| 03054T | 03/34T | C. intaminatum | Curious leaf pattern – silver blotches confined to apical part of leaf. |
| 03055T | 03/34T | C. intaminatum | Deep pink flower. |
| 03056T | 03/34T | C. intaminatum | Good silver leaf pattern. |
CSE Sites South-western Turkey, 2003.
If site images are available they may be viewed by clicking on the purple site number.
03/01T
27/10/03. Balikesir province. Southwest of Bandirma, on side road to Findikli off Gönen to Balya road.
Altitude: 367m., Shade: 70%, Aspect: North, Slope: 0-5°, Soil: Humus-rich layer over clay, pH: 4.5. Species: Cyclamen hederifolium. Habitat: Deciduous Quercus woodland.
Growing Conditions: Moist, in deep Quercus leaf litter, underneath layer very dry clay. Cyclamen plentiful over a wide area of woodland, but sparse – less than one plant per sq.m.
Associated Plants: Quercus infectoria, Crataegus monogyna, Viola sp., Primula vulgaris, Helleborus orientalis, Carex sp., Rubus sp., Aristolochia sp.
03/02T
27/10/03. Balikesir province. Southwest of Bandirma, South-southwest of Gönen, between Sogut and Sebepli.
Altitude: 505m., Shade: 50-70%, Slope: 0-5°, Soil: Clay with leaf overlay, pH: 5.1.
Species: Cyclamen hederifolium. Habitat: Fagus orientalis mature woodland.
Growing Conditions: Open glades beneath tall trees, humus rich soil, damp at time of visit but very dry in summer. Large population, at densest, several plants per square metre. Regenerating from seed.
Associated Plants: Fagus orientalis, Rubus sp., Pteridium aquilinum.
03/03T
27/10/03. Canakkale province. Southwest of Bandirma, on side road to Findikli off Gönen to Balya road. Between Pazar Koy and Findikli.
Altitude: 655m., Shade: 50%, Aspect: West, Slope: 5-20°, Soil: Clay, pH:6.4.
Species: Cyclamen hederifolium. Habitat: Deciduous Quercus woodland with leaf litter.
Growing Conditions: Moist humus-rich soil near sur- face, clay beneath.
Associated Plants: Quercussp.,Smilex sp.,Rubus sp.
03/04T
27/10/03. Canakkale province. Southwest of Bandirma, on side road to Findikli off Gönen to Balya road. Between Pazar Köy and Yesilkoy.
Altitude: 618m., Shade: 50%, Aspect: West, Slope: 5°, Soil: Clay plus leafmould, pH: 6.6.
Species: Cyclamen hederifolium. Habitat: Open Quercuswoodland, fairly moist in surface layers. Mostly growing un- der Rubus & Rosa scrub.
Growing Conditions: Dryish clay subsoil with deep top dressing of Quercus leaf litter.
Associated Plants: Quercus sp. (? Q. cerris), Rosa sp., Rubus sp.
03/05T
28/10/03. Canakkale province. Northeast of Edremit, between Yenice and Edremit, southwest of Kalkan (Kalkim).
Altitude: 302m., Shade: 60- 75%, Aspect: East, Slope: 30°, Soil: Crumbly loam and grit, pH:7.1.
Species: Cyclamen hederifolium. Habitat: Mixed deciduous & coniferous woodland.
Growing Conditions: Very moist loam with pine needle chaff & deciduous leaf mould. Although fairly heavy soil, well drained on slope.
Associated Plants: Pinus brutia, Platanus orientalis, Euphorbia sp., Crataegus sp., Quercus ?cerris, Salvia sp., Clematis sp., Digitalis sp., Cistus sp.
Note: Very large population with greater leaf variation than previous populations.
03/06T
29/10/03. Izmir province. Southeast of Izamir, Tire to Selçuk road.
Altitude: 128m., Shade: 50-60%, Aspect: North, Slope: 30-45°, Soil: Rich loam over limestone, pH: 7.7.
Species: Cyclamen hederifolium. Habitat: Steep banks and gullies, dense with scrub of mostly spiny bushes.
Growing Conditions: A good rich loam, damp from recent rains, sharply drained due to angle of slope. Cyclamen plentiful but scattered.
Associated Plants: Quercus sp. (deciduous), Q. coccifera, Crataegus sp., Muscari sp., Asparagus acutifolius, Ruscus aculeatus, Cistus sp., Pinus brutia, Pistacia lentiscus, Vitex agruscastus, Platanus orientalis.
03/07T
30/10/03. Aydin province. Southwest of Nazilli: Dalama – Yeniköy – Kasar Köy road, above Kasarköyu.
Altitude:: 206m., Shade: 30- 40%, Aspect: West, Slope: 20-30°, Soil: Loam, limestone derived.
Species: Cyclamen hederifolium. Habitat: In scrub at edge of olive grove, rocky ground but tubers mostly in soil pockets on banks.
Growing Conditions: Soil damp on surface only, very dry about 2.5cm down. Good loamy soil with little obvious humus. No leaves present; very dry soil. Very sparse population in bushes/scrub at edge of an olive grove. Little variation in flower colour.
Associated Plants: Olea europaea (cultivated), Rubus sp., Ephedra sp., Pistacia lentiscus, Vitex sp.
03/08T
30/10/03. Aydin province. South of Nazilli, on road south from Bozdoğan.
Altitude: 610m., Shade: 60-70%, Aspect: North-west, Slope: 20-45°, Soil: Gritty loam over a soft yellowish shale (that weathered to a fine sand), pH: 7.4.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Gully densely filled with shrubby vegetation. Cyclamen growing under bushes & rocks.
Growing Conditions: Leaves scarcely showing on most specimens as the plants and the habitat had been very dry.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Q. sp., Cistus sp., Pistacia lentiscus, Pteridium aquilinum.
03/09T
30/10/03. Aydin province. South of Nazilli, on road south from Bozdoğan.
Altitude: 829M., Shade: 50%, Aspect: South and Southeast, Slope: 5-10°, Soil: Granite with veins of white (quartz?), pH: 7.3.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Under Quercus coccifera bushes, very wet following recent rain, dry about 1 inch down.
Growing Conditions: Thin layer of humus rich soil over (apparently) poor silty greyish-yellow substrate.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Q. sp (deciduous) Allium ? Flavum, Pinus brutia.
03/10T
30/10/03. Aydin province. Southwest of Nazilli, near Kasarköyu on road from Dalama to Çine.
Species: Cyclamen hederifolium. Habitat: Under bushes at edge of garden/smallholding.
Growing Conditions: Steep banks, good loam with much donkey/chicken dung on surrounding ground.
Associated Plants: Quercus sp.
03/11T
31/10/03. Aydin province. Northeast of Nazilli, between Güzelköy and Demirciler.
Altitude: 335m., Shade: 40-50%, Aspect: Open, Slope: Flat, Soil: Loam and leafmould, mixed rocks washed from above – probably granite. pH: 7.4.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Open Quercus coccifera scrub.
Growing Conditions: Damp loam with a top dressing of humus from evergreen Quercus leaves. Probably very dry in summer.
Associated Plants: Crataegus monogyna, Quercus coccifera, Asparagus acutifolius.
03/12T
31/10/03. Aydin province. Notrtheast of Nazilli, near Demirciler village.
Altitude: 636m., Shade: open – 50%, Aspect: North, Slope: 5°, Soil: Fine loam top dressed with leafmould. pH: 7.9.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile, Habitat: In an old cemetery allowed to become overgrown with vegetation. Quite large trees with a few open clearings of grasses & herbs.
Growing Conditions: Deep rich loam, rich in humus in top layers. Very large population with thousands of plants. At densest, approx. 12 plants per sq.m.
Associated Plants: Styrax officinalis, Muscari comosum, Quercus coccifera, Crataegus monogyna, Pistacia lentiscus, Asparagus acutifolius.
03/13T
31/10/03. Aydin province. Southeast of Nazilli, Southwest of Karacasu, South-southwest of Yazirköy.
Altitude: 963m., Shade: 50%, Aspect: South, Slope: 5-20°, Soil: Terra Rossa on limestone formation. pH: 7.7.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Quercus coccifera scrub.
Growing conditions: Deep rich brown-red loam with Quercus leaf top dressing. Small site with scattered plants. Site encroached on all sides by new olive groves.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera.
03/14T
31/10/03. Aydin province. Southeast of Nazilli. Near Gökceler to the south off the Karacasu to Tavas Road No. 585.
Altitude: 1057m., Shade: 0-30%, Aspect: West, Slope: 20°, Soil: Loam among limestone and serpentine rocks. pH: 7.9.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Open hillside with sparsely dotted Quercus coccifera.
Growing Conditions: Very sparse population on heavily grazed slope, hanging on under Quercus scrub, sometimes in full sun.
Associated Plants: Crataegus sp., Quercus macrolepsis (syn. aegilops) , Q. coccifera, Juniperus ?oxycedrus.
03/15T
01/11/03. Mugla province. Approximately half way between Kale and Mugla on road No. 330.
Altitude: 1015m., Shade: 0-10%, Aspect: Southeast, Slope: 40°, Soil: Loam over shale. pH: 7.8.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Open rocky, rather degraded, hillside with scattered Pinus & Quercus.
Growing Conditions: Damp loam, only shade is from large rocks.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Pinus brutia, Cistus creticus, Euphorbia rigida, Origanum minutiflorum, Scilla autumnalis.
03/16T
01/11/03. Mugla province. Approximately half way between Mugla and Çine on road No. 550.
Altitude: 427m., Shade: 30-60%, Aspect: Northwest, Slope: 10-40°, Soil: Loam with organic top dressing of grasses and Quercus leaves. pH: 7.7.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Scrubby hillside, Cyclamen sheltering at edges of Quercus bushes and at the base of a tree.
Growing Conditions: Dappled shade in good loam. A small population of about 20 plants.
Associated Plants: Pyrus sp., Quercus coccifera, Cistus creticus, Daphne gnidioides, Alvia sp.
03/17T
01/11/03. Aydin province. Near Karpuzlu, west-southwest of Çine.
Altitude: 161m., Shade: 10%, Aspect: open, Slope: flat, Soil: Deep rich loam. pH: 7.8.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Mostly in boles of olive trees and in ditch at edge of field.
Growing Conditions: Moist deep loam with much donkey manure top-dressing.
Associated Plants: Olea europaea(cultivated), Pyrus sp., Rubus sp., Quercus coccifera.
03/18T
01/11/03. Aydin province. Between Karpuzlu and Milas, near Hatip-kişlasi.
Altitude: 495m., Shade: 0-20%, Aspect: Northeast, Slope: 10°, Soil: Deep rich loam over crumbling granite/quartz. pH: 7.8.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Open hillside with large boulders. Cyclamen often under boulders.
Growing conditions: Mostly in cool places tucked under large boulders, but a few in the open. Small population of plants in good condition and regeneration.
Associated Plants: Cistus ?creticus, Pinus brutia, P. pinea, Crocus sp. nov. aff. wattiorum, Fritillaria sp.
03/19T
02/11/03. Mugla province. Northeast of Milas on road to Geyik Baraj, at the reservoir.
Altitude: 451m., Shade: 0-30%, Aspect: North, Slope: 30°, Soil: Loam with Pinus/Quercus litter, over granite.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Open woodland/scrub above lake. Mixed Pinus and Quercus coccifera.
Growing Conditions: Moist humus-rich loam. Valley flooded by dam, Cyclamen right down to the high water mark. Variable plant density, to 10 per sq.m. Large population.
Associated Plants: Pinus brutia, P. pinea, Quercus coccifera, Crocus sp. nov., Vitex sp., Cistus ?creticus.
03/20T
02/11/03. Mugla province. Yatağan to Milas road No. 330, near Yatağan.
Altitude: 391m., Shade: 0-20%, Aspect: North, Slope: 30° and flat, Soil: Loam over limestone (tufa forming in stream). pH: 7.5.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Hillside with Pinus & Quercus (evergreen) in deep rich brown soil.
Growing Conditions: Soil moist from recent rains. Good loamy soil with top dressing of Pinus & Quercus leaves. Large population on either side of river/stream valley, but best on north facing slope.
Associated Plants: Nerium oleander, Daphne gnidioides, Euphorbia rigida, Ruscus aculeatus, Thymelaea ?tartonraira, Styrax officinale, Cistus ?creticus, Phillyrea sp., Pinus brutia, Quercus coccifera, Q. sp., Paliurus spina-christi.
03/21T
02/11/03. Mugla province. Northeast of Yatağan, on Yatağan to Kavaklidere road No. 48-81.
Altitude: 683m., Shade: 30-40%, Aspect: Southeast, Slope: 10°, Soil: Red loam/clay over limestone. pH: 7.4.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Limestone outcrops in Quercus/Pinus scrub at edges of cultivated fields.
Growing Conditions: Rich red soil with top dressing of leafmould – mostly evergreen Quercus leaves.
Associated Plants: Pinus brutia, Quercus coccifera.
03/22T
03/11/03. Mugla province. Mugla to Kale road No.330.
Altitude: 850m., Shade: 50%, Aspect: North, Slope: 90°, Soil: Reddish clay over limestone. pH: 7.4 (subsoil), 7.2 (topsoil/chaff).
Species: Cyclamen alpinum. Habitat: Open pine woods with limestone cliffs/outcrops.
Growing Conditions: Moist rock crevices in moss. Growing almost entirely in vertical faces.
Associated Plants: Pinus brutia, Styrax officinale, Quercus coccifera, various mosses and ferns.
03/23T
04/11/03. Mugla province. Mugla to Çine road – old road alongside new. North of Yatağan.
Altitude: 451m., Shade: 10-60%, Aspect: East, Slope: 45°, Soil: Loam over granite. pH: 7.4.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Shallow gully with granite outcrop/cliff on east side – consequently, east side is cool & shady.
Growing Conditions: Cool shade from evergreen Quercus coccifera.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Ballota sp., Lavandula sp., Selaginella sp., ?Cirsium sp., mosses.
03/24T
04/11/03. Mugla province. Mugla to Çine road – old road alongside new. Approximately halfway between Yatağan and Eskicine.
Altitude: 349m., Shade: 0-30%, Aspect: Northeast, Slope: 30°, Soil: Sandy loam (fine silica sand). pH: 7.8.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Shallow gully facing north, filled with Quercus coccifera bushes.
Growing Conditions: Moist conditions under edges of Quercus. Some rotted Quercus leaves in surface layers. Very fine soil but drainage good due to slope.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Lavandula sp., Cistus sp., Scilla autumnalis.
03/25T
04/11/03. Aydin province. Side road west of Mugla to Çine road No.550, towards Sŏgücük and Akçaova.
Altitude: 255m., Shade: 5-15%, Aspect: North to west, Slope: 30° to vertical, Soil: Sandy, gritty loam from decomposing granite. pH: 7.7.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Steep hillside planted with olives. Cyclamen mostly in and around outcrops, but some in the open.
Growing Conditions: Well drained, both from slopes or crevices, and the gritty soil.
Associated Plants: Olea europaea, Quercus coccifera.
03/26T
04/11/03. Aydin province. Road No. 09-25 from the Çine to Aydin road (at Kafa village) to Dalama and Yenipazar.
Altitude: 350m., Shade: 0-50%, Aspect: North, Slope: 10-30°, Soil: Loam with outcrops of hard weathered sandstone. pH: 7.9.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Olive grove, cleared of Quercus scrub to leave mossy north facing banks with many grasses and herbs germinating in the damp soil.
Growing Conditions: Damp soil from recent rains, but run-off avoids waterlogging. Cyclamen growing in what appears to be short grazed turf.
Associated Plants: Olea europaea, Quercus coccifera (adjacent to olive groves), Rhamnus sp., Pistacia lentiscus.
03/27T
04/11/03. Aydin province. Road No. 09-25 from the Çine to Aydin road (at Kafa village) to Dalama and Yenipazar, via Kizilgüney, Bağlarbazi, Bereket, Elderesi, Haciköseler, Karacaören, and Mastanlar then Yenipazar.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile seen from just before Kizilgüney to Karacaören.
Altitude: 534m., Shade: 30-40%, Aspect: North, Slope: 10°, Soil: ‘Woodland’ soil – Quercus leaf litter over loam. pH: 7.2. Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Coppiced Quercus woodland, allowed to grow to 4.5m, so forming a reasonable canopy.
Growing Conditions: Rich Quercus woodland, damp soil. Cyclamen growing mainly in the boles of the deciduous Quercus but also under Q. coccifera. Up to 10 mature Cyclamen in each coppiced Quercus. Associated Plants: Quercus ?infectoria, Q. coccifera, Cistus sp., various grasses.
03/28T
05/11/03. Aydin province. Near Kazdere, northeast of Nazilli.
Altitude: 739m., Shade: 0-40%, Aspect: Northeast & northwest, Slope: 40°, Soil: Sandy loam, granite/schist. pH: 7.8.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Densely wooded slopes, growing mostly in partial shade of bushes.
Growing Conditions: Damp from recent rains, humid conditions with fern sp., in rocks.. Very dry in summer.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Platanus orientalis, Styrax officinale, Cistus ? creticus, Asplenium sp., + one other fern.
03/29T
05/11/03. Aydin province. East of Nazilli, a turning north off the Nazilli to Denizli road at Sevcilli towards Çatak and Buldan.
Altitude: 430m., Shade: 0-30%, Aspect: Northwest and West, Slope: 30-40°, Soil: Fine silty, sandy loam. pH: 7.7.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Scrubby hillside with Quercus. Cyclamen in boles of the deciduous Quercus and at margins of Q.coccifera.
Growing Conditions: Damp soil, partial shade. A scattered population due to grazing between Quercus bushes.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Q. sp. (deciduous), Pinus brutia, annuals, grasses, thistles.
03/30T
05/11/03. Ayden province. East of Nazilli, a turning north off the Nazilli to Denizli road at Sevcilli towards Çatak and Buldan. Above Çatak.
Altitude: 1146m., Shade: 30-50%, Aspect: South, Slope: 30°, Soil: Sandy loam with Quercus leafmould. pH: 8.1.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: In boles of Quercus.
Growing Conditions: Damp soil, brilliant light, good drainage. Scattered population being fragmented by Pinus plantations. Very cold with snow in winter.
Associated Plants: Crataegus sp., Quercus macrolepis/infectoria?, Pinus brutia, Euphorbia rigida, Cistus ?creticus.
Note: Cyclamen ap[pear to end here at this altitude where plants change too – Quercus macrolepis takes over from the lower Q. infectoria. The former full of autumn colour.
03/31T
06/11/03. Afyon province. In the grounds of the Suçikan Hotel, Dinar, Northwest of Isparta.
Altitude: 1025m., Shade: 0-20%, Aspect: North, Slope: 30-40°, Soil: Loam. pH: 7.6.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Foot of north facing cliff with waterfall nearby. Very humid and cool.
Associated Plants: Scrophularia sp., Salix sp., grasses.
03/32T
06/11/03. Isparta province. Northeast of Isparta, between Gönen and Atabey.
Altitude: 1125m, Shade: 30-40%, Aspect: Northwest and Northeast, Slope: 10-15°, Soil: Reddish clay/loam over conglomerate rock. pH: 7.7.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Open Quercus coccifera bushes covering hillsides – steppe vegetation.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Verbascum sp., Cirsium? Sp., Crataegus sp., Euphorbia rigida, Eryngium sp., Boraginaceae (probably Onosma or Paracaryum), Malvaceae, grasses.
03/33T
06/11/03. Isparta province. From Eğirdir, north towards Barla.
Altitude: 1015m., Shade: 0-30%, Aspect: West, Slope: 30-40°, Soil: Reddish loam over limestone. pH: 7.5.
Species: Cyclamen mirabile. Habitat: Scrubby Hillside with limestone outcrops. Under Quercus coccifera bushes and in limestone crevices, some plants in the open. Just above lake level.
Growing Conditions: Moist at this time of year but must be hot and dry in summer. Large population with many hundreds of plants, in places up to 5 per sq.m. but fragmented due to cutting/grazing of the Quercus/Juniperus.
Associated Plants: Quercus coccifera, Paronyclia sp., Juniperus sp., thistles.
03/34T
07/11/03. Bilecik province. Bozüyük to Dodurga road.
Altitude: 1155m., Shade: 50-60%, Aspect: open, Slope: flat, Soil: Rich loam with Quercus leaf top dressing.
Species: Cyclamen intaminatum. Habitat: Quercus woodland, probably coppiced regularly but forming a good canopy.
Growing Conditions: Moist loam, very cool & humid. Very rich population of hundreds of plants, but woodland being cleared & ploughed adjacent to the plants.
Associated Plants: Quercus sp., (deciduous), grasses.
Acknowledgements. We would like to express our thanks for the help in the field provided by our Turkish colleagues Neriman Ozhatay and Serna Atay.